Additives

Additives are ingredients that are added to food to enhance flavor, texture, color, shelf life, or other desired properties. Common additives used in baking include leaveners, such as baking soda and baking powder, which create air bubbles in dough, making it rise and lighten. Emulsifiers, such as eggs, butter, or vegetable oil, are often added to help ingredients bind together. Sweeteners, such as sugar, honey, or maple syrup, add flavor and sweetness. Salt, spices, and flavorings, such as vanilla extract, can add flavor to baked goods. Preservatives, such as baking soda and baking powder, can extend the shelf life of baked items. Finally, yeast which is used in some breads and other baked goods, helps dough rise and develops flavor.